OPTING OUT OF THE IRON TRIANGLE

Between the 1960s and the 1990s, the US chemical industry went from lobbying against the Geneva Protocol and promoting increased funding for chemical warfare to refusing to produce binary chemical weapons and assisting with the negotiations of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)—even though the treaty included provisions that could be costly to industry. What happened in those thirty years to make the US chemical industry reverse its position on chemical weapons? This article argues these changes were largely caused by the chemical industry's desire to reform the negative public image it had acquired due to its involvement in the Agent Orange scandal and other high-profile incidents during the 1970s and 1980s. The chemical industry's assistance with CWC negotiations may be explained after an examination of the US public policy literature, which argues that industry will support apparently costly regulations if doing so helps it repair a damaged public image and ensures greater profits in the long run.     

Deterrence in the Gulf War

A recently published collection of captured Iraqi records offers an opportunity to better understand Saddam Hussein's perception of US and Israeli deterrence signals, affording innovative insights into the reasons behind Iraq's restraint from using weapons of mass destruction against Israeli targets during the 1991 Gulf War. This article tests a wide range of suggested hypotheses, and suggests that US and Israeli deterrence played only a minimal role in dissuading Iraqi use of WMD. The article concludes with some thoughts on the practical implications, particularly on the effectiveness of a “no-first-use” nuclear policy.     

基于敏感性分析的DF化学动力学模型的简化

基于两种燃料体系下的DF详细化学反应动力学模型,利用敏感性分析的方法,分别提出了相应的简化反应机理.简化过程中发现,仅考虑DF“冷反应”泵浦过程,忽略掉高振动激发态,忽略掉D2和DF分子的离解复合反应对整个系统影响不大.DF分子之间以及DF与D、D2、HF之间的能量转移反应具有较高的敏感性.简化机理在有效概括DF化学反...     

化学危险品运输车辆应防火灾爆炸事故

本文通过具体案例分析了化学危险品运输车辆可能发生火灾爆炸事故的原因,并提出了应采取的安全措施。     

气体化学反应速率的 DSMC 方法

为预报化学反应过程,应用ＤＳＭＣ方法研究了双原子分子的离解反应,讨论了高温情况下（Ｔ～Ｅａ／ｋ）采用由实验测定得到的反应速率与气体温度间Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ经验关系式的可靠性问题,分析了振动热非平衡效应对于离解反应速率的影响,给出了由ＤＳＭＣ方法得到的离解反应速率与气体温度的关系曲线。     

磁悬挂天平五自由度位置传感器的数学分析

磁悬挂平天的位置传感器具有一定的特殊性,它需要同时获取被悬挂的飞行器模型的多自由度位置分量。本文对这一问题进行了研究,并讨论了其工程实现问题。     

Body armour – New materials,new systems

This is a very timely review of body armour materials and systems since new test standards are currently being written, or reviewed, and new, innovative products released. Of greatest importance, however, is the recent evolution, and maturity, of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene fibres enabling a completely new style of system to evolve – a stackable system of Hard Armour Plates. The science of body armour materials is quickly reviewed with emphasis upon current understanding of relevant energy-absorbing mechanisms in fibres, fabrics, polymeric laminates and ceramics. The trend in on-going developments in ballistic fibres is then reviewed, analysed and future projections offered. Weaknesses in some of the ceramic grades are highlighted as is the value of using cladding materials to improve the robustness, and multi-strike performance, of Hard Armour Plates. Finally, with the drive for lighter, and therefore smaller, soft armour systems for military personnel the challenges for armour designers are reported, and the importance of the relative size of the Hard Armour Plate to the Soft Armour Insert is strongly emphasised.     

不同热化学模型对表面传热影响的数值分析

研究不同热化学模型及壁面催化条件对表面传热的影响 ,包括 :(1)不同组元的高温空气模型 (7组元、 11组元 )的比较 ;(2 )热力非平衡 (双温度 )的化学动力过程与热力平衡 (单温度 )的化学动力过程的比较 ;(3)不同壁面催化条件的比较。     

IBAD氮化钛中N/Ti对膜层性能影响研究

研究了离子束辅助沉积(IBAD)制备氮化钛(TiN)重要参数氮钛到达比(N/Ti)对膜层性能的影响,并且采用俄歇谱分析(AES)、光电子谱分析(XPS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)对膜层进行了相组成与成分分析,摸索了N/Ti对膜层的影响规律.     

利用化学键能评估火箭推进剂的能量特性

本文介绍利用化学键能评估火箭推进剂的能量特性的方法